Industrial Automatic Control Systems and Controllers Annotation << Back Breath Pattern as a Hidden Biometric Factor to Enhance the Resistance of Voice Authentication to Spoofing Attacks Kokorev B.S., Korneev A.A. The rapid development of speech synthesis systems has significantly increased the quality of voice spoofi ng and deepfake attacks, making voice biometrics more vulnerable. Traditional anti-spoofi ng methods face limitations related to sensitivity to recording conditions, the fast progress of generative models, and the possibility of bypassing detection systems. This article provides a theoretical overview of the breathing pattern as an auxiliary biometric feature that is diffi cult to reproduce using speech synthesis technologies. The paper discusses the physiological basis of breathing individuality, its structural characteristics, methods of registration using a standard microphone channel, and alternative technologies for analyzing respiratory signals. The principles of integrating the breathing pattern into a multi-factor “voice + breathing” authentication system are examined, as well as its potential role in increasing resistance to spoofi ng attacks. The analysis shows that combining voice and breathing characteristics enhances authentication reliability without compromising usability and can be considered a promising direction for improving biometric security. Keywords: biometrics, breathing pattern, voice authentication, anti-spoofi ng, generative models, spoofi ng attacks, multifactor biometrics, respiratory signals, speech synthesis, deepfake. DOI: 10.25791/asu.3.2026.1647 Pp. 30-35.